Past questions
Past questions
Try these 10 questions from past papers and tap an option to see the answer and why.
Which of the following is correctly arranged?
Not quite. The answer is C.
Why: The Atkinson-Shiffrin (1968) multi-store model posits that memory is composed of three sequential stages. Information first enters a brief sensory memory, is then transferred to short-term memory for active use, and can finally be encoded into long-term memory for durable storage.
Which of the following is correctly arranged?
Not quite. The answer is B.
Why: The foundational sequence of memory processing involves three distinct stages. Information must first be encoded into a usable format, then stored for retention over time, and finally retrieved for conscious use.
The basic unit in the Human Associative Memory model is
Not quite. The answer is B.
Why: In early semantic network models of memory, such as Anderson and Bower's Human Associative Memory (HAM) model, the proposition is the basic unit of information. A proposition is the smallest unit of knowledge that can stand as a separate assertion and be judged as true or false.
Which of the following consists of elaborative rehearsal?
Not quite. The answer is B.
Why: Elaborative rehearsal is the process of actively thinking about the meaning of new information and making connections to knowledge already stored in long-term memory. This deep level of processing is the key mechanism for transferring information from STM to LTM.
Meaningfulness of verbal material can be indexed in terms of
Not quite. The answer is B.
Why: In verbal-learning research, meaningfulness has often been indexed by associative value: material that readily elicits familiar associations has greater associative value and is generally easier to learn. The other alternatives describe association procedures or response timing rather than the standard index of meaningfulness.
What is not typical of Atkinson and Shiffrin model of memory?
Not quite. The answer is A.
Why: In the Atkinson–Shiffrin modal model, information moves sequentially through sensory, short-term, and long-term stores, with control processes in short-term memory supporting rehearsal and transfer to long-term memory. Treating short-term memory as a workspace for complex cognitive activities is more characteristic of the later working-memory model.
Information in short-term memory enters long-term storage through
Not quite. The answer is B.
Why: Elaborative rehearsal promotes transfer from short-term or working memory into long-term storage by relating new material to existing knowledge and adding meaning. Selective attention helps information enter active processing, but it is elaborative rehearsal that most directly supports durable long-term encoding in this item.
Visuospatial sketch pad is a component of which of the following?
Not quite. The answer is C.
Why: The visuospatial sketchpad is a key component of Baddeley and Hitch's multicomponent model of working memory. It is responsible for the temporary storage and manipulation of visual and spatial information.
The most commonly overlooked and obvious reason for forgetting is:
Not quite. The answer is B.
Why: Encoding failure occurs when information is never properly processed and transferred to long-term memory in the first place, often due to a lack of attention. This is a common reason for 'forgetting,' as the memory was never actually stored to be retrieved.
Which memory is the result of instrumental/motor learning processes?
Not quite. The answer is D.
Why: Procedural memory is a type of long-term, non-declarative memory responsible for storing motor skills and habits. It underlies our ability to perform learned actions like riding a bike or tying shoelaces, which are acquired through instrumental learning processes.